Abbreviations used in reference citations |
|
Trans. | Translator |
Ed. (Eds.) | Editor, Edited by, |
ed. | edition |
rev. ed. | revised edition |
2nd ed. | Second edition |
Vol. | as in - Vol. 2 |
vols. | as in - 8 vols |
No. | Number |
chap. | Chapter |
Supp. | Suppliment |
Pt. | part |
p. pp. | page, pages |
1st, 2nd 3rd etc. | (Not first, second third etc.) |
The beauty is in revealing depth of resources. Many referencing formats can be used to make specify details about translators, new editions, reprints, first published date, etc., which all reveal information about the bases of the knowledge.
The format here is essentially follows that from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA, 1983, -- & recent which is used by a high number of humanities peer-reviewed joutnals.
There is no such thing as a standardised bibliographic/referencing format.
Even when following a particular format, each journal will often use its own variation as far as exact placement of comas, semicolons, colons, etc.
What is important is to be CONSISTANT around a general style.
What is most important in writing is clarity of ideas, not the location of semicolon.
The most important features are:
1. Consistency of format
2. Ease of use
3. Providing full information
ONE AUTHOR
(Bartenieff, 1971)
AUTHOR PLUS PAGE NUMBERS
(Laban, 1966, p. 34)
(Ghyka, 1977, pp. 4-7)
TWO AUTHORS
(Moore & Yamamoto, 1988)
THREE OR MORE AUTHORS:
1st citation, include ALL the authors names:
(Burgoon, Stern, & Dillman, 1995)
Subsequent citation, use et al.
(Burgoon et al., 1995)
SEVERAL WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR
(Laban, 1926, 1966, 1980)
SEVERAL WORKS BY DIFFERENT AUTHORS
Works appear in alphabetical order by authors name-
(Longstaff, 1996; Laban, 1926; Preston-Dunlop, 1998)
-- QUOTE IN A SENTENCE:
When the quote is in a single sentence then the quote goes right in
the text, with quotes from the original source within single marks
and the author-date citation placed within the final dot (Author, 1995, p. 14).
-- BLOCK QUOTE:
When a block quote is used it looks slightly different:
In this case several sentences might be in the quote. Or it could
be only one. There are no quotation marks since the quote stands
out by indentation and single-spacing. A quote from the original
text, receives normal double quotation marks just as it appeared
in the original text. In this case the citation falls at the end, but
outside of the final dot. (Author, 1997, pp. 120-121)
BOOKS
-------- PUBLISHED BOOK, ONE AUTHOR
Bachelard, G. (1994). The poetics of space. New York: Orion.
-------- PUBLISHED BOOK, TWO OR MORE AUTHORS
Moore, C., & Yamamoto, K. (1988). Beyond words. New York: Gordon and Breach.
Burgoon, J. K., Stern, L. A., & Dillman, L. (1995). Interpersonal adaptation; dyadic
interaction patterns. Cambridge: University Press.
-------- BOOK PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR
Give address of author/publisher as extra information at end of reference.
Preston-Dunlop, V. (1984). Point of departure; the dancers space. London: by the
Author. (64 Lock Chase, SE3)
Longstaff, J. S. (2000). Selected methods of documentation and analysis. London:
by the Author, Neua Aura. (Laban Centre, Creekside, SE8)
----- BOOK, WITH FIRST PUBLISHED DATE, OR PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE
Ghyka, M. (1977). The geometry of art and life. New York: Dover. (First published
1946)
Moore, C. L. (1982). Executives in action: A guide to balanced decisionmaking in
management. Estover, Plymouth: MacDonald & Evans. (First published as Action
profiling, 1978)
Laban, R. (1966). Choreutics (Annotated and Ed. by L. Ullmann). London:
MacDonald and Evans. (Published in U.S.A. as The language of movement; a
guide book to choreutics, Boston: Plays)
------- BOOK, SUBSEQUENT REVISED AND/OR EXPANDED EDITIONS
(parentheses at end indicate previous versions of the work which were in a different format than the more recent work which is being referred to. This extra information is not essential in the strictest sense but it provides a good background on the work and also allows other versions of the work to be found.)
Preston-Dunlop, V. (1980). A handbook for modern educational dance
(2nd rev. ed.). Boston: Plays. (First published 1963)
Arnheim, R. (1974). Art and visual perception; the new version (rev. and
expanded). Berkeley: University of California Press. (First published 1954)
Davis, M. (1973). Towards understanding the intrinsic in body movement (reprint
ed., 1975). New York: Arno Press. (Ph.D. thesis, Yeshiva University, 1973)
Hutchinson, A. (1970). Labanotation or Kinetography Laban (3rd rev. ed.,1977).
New York: Theatre Arts.
Still cited as (Hutchinson, 1970), since this is the copyright date.
-------- BOOK, TRANSLATED EDITIONS
Laban, R. (1975). A life for dance; reminiscencs (Annotated and Trans. by L.
Ullmann). London: MacDonald & Evans. (Original German published 1935)
cite: (Laban, 1935/1975)
Knust, A. (1979). Dictionary of kinetography Laban (Labanotation); Vol. I: Text
(Trans. by A. Knust, D. Baddeley-Lang, S. Archbutt, & I. Wachtel).
Plymouth: MacDonald & Evans. (Original German published 1956)
-------- BOOK, WITH REPRINT DATE
(parentheses at end indicate supplementary information)
Kirstein, L., & Stuart, M. (1952). The classic ballet. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
(Twenty-second printing 1986)
cited: (Kirstein & Stuart, 1952)
Still cited as 1952, since this is a reprint, exactly as the original, and so still has the same copyright date, 1952.
-------- EDITORS AND/OR TRANSLATORS AS AUTHOR
There is another dot after (Eds. & Trans.).
Preston-Dunlop, V., & Lahusen, S. (Eds. & Trans.). (1990). Schrifttanz: A view of
German dance in the Weimer Republic. Cecil Court, London: Dance Books.
Maramorosch, D. (Ed.). (1977). The atlas of insect and plant viruses. New York:
Academic Press.
-------- INSTITUTION, ORGANISATION AS AUTHOR
American Psychological Association (APA). (1983). Publication manual of the
american psychological association (2nd rev. ed.). Washington DC:
American Psychological Association.
First citation: (American Psychological Association [APA], 1983)
Subsequent citations: (APA, 1983)
-------- CORPORATION AS AUTHOR AND TITLE
Collins. (1986). Collins dictionary of the English language (2nd ed.).
London: William Collins Sons. (Reprinted 1988)
Cited: (Collins, 1986)
ARTICLES / CHAPTERS IN EDITED BOOKS OR WORKS BY ANOTHER AUTHOR
[Brackets indicate a further description added to the title.]
LaFrance, M. (1982). Posture mirroring and rapport. In M. Davis (Ed.), Interaction
rhythms (pp. 279-297). New York: Human Sciences.
Davis, M. (1982). Introduction [to the Conference on Interaction Rhythms]. In M.
Davis (Ed.), Interaction rhythms (pp. 23-28). New York: Human Sciences.
Jacoby, L. L., & Craik, F. I. M. (1979). Effects of elaboration of processing at encoding
and retrieval: Trace distinctiveness and recovery of initial context. In L. S.
Cermak & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Levels of processing in human memory (pp. 1-
21). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Ullmann, L. (1966). Rudiments of space-movement. In R. Laban, Choreutics
(Annotated and Ed. by L. Ullmann) (pp. 138-210). London: MacDonald & Evans.
(Published in U.S.A. as The language of movement; a guide book to
choreutics. Boston: Plays)
Ullmann, L. (1975). Some hints for the student of movement. In R. Laban, Modern
educational dance (3rd rev. ed., Ed. by L. Ullmann) (pp. 108-134).
London: MacDonald & Evans.
-------- CHAPTERS IN REPRINTED AND/OR TRANSLATED BOOKS
Lindemann, E. (1922). Gamma movement. Reprinted in W. D. Ellis (Ed. & Trans.),
A source book of gestalt psychology (4th ed. 1969) (pp. 173181).
London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- JOURNAL ARTICLE: REPRINTED AND/OR TRANSLATED IN A BOOK
(Call-number in parantheses at end of the reference gives library location of rare works or with limited distribution.)
Laban, R. (1957). Movement culture as a basis for personal development.
Reprinted in S. Johnston (Ed. & Trans.) (1996), Rudolf Laban and the
development of Dance movement therapy, II. The observation of human
movement (part II, pp. 4-6). Surrey: The Laban Guild (50th anniversary
celebration publication). (Originally published in Deutsche Zeitung &
Wirtschafts Zeitung, 15th June, 1957; available at Laban Library,
London: Lib. L340)
- FOREIGN LANGUAGE TITLES
Foreign language titles can be translated into English within any type of reference list format. The English translation is simply added, immediately following the original-language title, and placed in brackets.
Laban, R. (1920). Die welt des tänzers [The dancers world]. Stuttgart:
Walter Seifert Verlag.
-------- MORE THAN ONE AUTHOR, REPRINT EDITION
Lomax, A., Bartenieff, I., & Paulay, F. (1968). The choreometric coding book. In A.
Lomax (Ed.), Folk song style and culture (pp. 262-273). New Jersey: Transaction
Books. (Reprint of an edition published by the American Association for the
Advancement of Science: Washington D. C., 1968)
-------- CLASSIC TEXTS (GREEK, ROMAN, MEDIEVAL, ENGLISH CLASSICS)
These texts are cited by the original title of the classic work followed by book, section, and line numbers (remain constant regardless of edition or translation).
While some sources allow that these works are only cited in the text (with no reference list entry), providing a reference list entry is also allowed, and can be beneficial as it gives information on the translation and edition which was actually referred to.
Plato. The republic. (Translated by ______, City: Publisher, Date.)
Cited: (Plato The Republic 360E-361B)