(See list of all Receptor Types)
Kinesthetic
Joint receptors
Several receptors are found within joints (connecting bone to bone). Often these are considered as leading to limb-position sense, however their role is not well understood, and may serve more to signal extreme joint positions as well as pressure (force) and vibrations (see “kinesthetic senses” for more explanation).
GOLGI SENSORY RECEPTORS:
- slow adapting; in ligaments of joint capsule
RUFFINI RECEPTORS:
- slow adapting; in tendon material of joint capsule
- Response of joint receptors is debated;
- in some cases may respond to stretch,
- in other cases respond only to extreme stretch.
- Also respond to mechanical pressure.
FREE NERVE ENDINGS:
- throughout joint connective tissue
- response to mechanical pressure and pain
PACINIFORM CORPUSCLES
- in skin, tendons, and tendon material within joint capsules
- quick adapting; response to high frequency vibrations
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(See details about kinesthetic joint receptors in the full paper)
Longstaff, Jeffrey Scott (2003). A model for practical kinesthesia. Poster Presentation. IADMS 13th Annual Conference, LABAN, London. 24-26 October.
(see the full paper) (see the reference list)